Abstract
‘Aspidosaurus’ novomexicanus is a poorly known dissorophid represented by the holotype (YPM VP 810), a badly preserved partial skeleton from Permo-Carboniferous deposits of New Mexico. Compared to Paleozoic dissorophid records in other parts of North America like Texas and Oklahoma, the New Mexico record remains relatively sparse and low in taxic diversity. Additionally, ‘A.’ novomexicanus is likely one of the earliest known records of dissorophids in North America. However, due to poor preservation of the holotype and a convoluted taxonomic history of species- and genus-level referral of specimens to this taxon and to other dissorophids, the concept of ‘A.’ novomexicanus and whether the holotype is sufficiently diagnostic to merit continued designation as a valid taxon remain unclear. Recent revision of Aspidosaurus demonstrates that this species does not belong in the genus, providing an impetus for a reassessment. Here I redescribe YPM VP 810 and situate it within the contemporary framework of dissorophid anatomy and taxonomy. Based on these findings, I conclude that the holotype is not diagnostic, rendering ‘Aspidosaurus novomexicanus’ to be designated as a nomen dubium, although it is possible that it may be conspecific with ‘Broiliellus’ reiszi.
References
Anderson, J.S. 2005. On the skull of Cacops aspidephorus Williston (Tetrapod; Temnospondyli; Dissorophidae) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Part 1. Lower jaw anatomy. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 30, 15.
Anderson, J.S., Scott, D. and Reisz, R.R. 2020. The anatomy of the dermatocranium and mandible of Cacops aspidephorus Williston, 1910 (Temnospondyli: Dissorophidae), from the Lower Permian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40:2, e1776720. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1776720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1776720
Atkins, J.B., Reisz, R.R. and Maddin, H.C. 2019. Braincase simplification and the origin of lissamphibians. PLOS ONE 14:3, e0213694. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213694
Berman, D.S. 1993. Lower Permian vertebrate localities of New Mexico and their assemblages. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2, 11–21.
Berman, D.S. and Lucas, S.G. 2003. Aspidosaurus binasser (Amphibia, Temnospondyli), a new species of Dissorophidae from the lower Permian of Texas. Annals of Carnegie Museum 72:4, 241–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.215092
Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C. and Lucas, S.G. 2015. Pennsylvanian-Permian red bed vertebrate localities of New Mexico and their assemblages. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 68, 65–76.
Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C., Brezinski, D.K. and Kollar, A.D. 2010. A new trematopid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Upper Pennsylvanian of western Pennsylvania: earliest record of terrestrial vertebrates responding to a warmer, drier climate. Annals of Carnegie Museum 78:4, 289–318. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.078.0401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/007.078.0401
Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C., Martens, T., Sumida, S.S. and Anderson, J.S. 2011. Rotaryus gothae, a new trematopid (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the lower Permian of Central Germany. Annals of Carnegie Museum 80:1, 49–65. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.080.0106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/007.080.0106
Berman, D.S., Reisz, R.R. and Eberth, D.A. 1987. A new genus and species of trematopid amphibian from the Late Pennsylvanian of north-central New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:3, 252–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1987.10011659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1987.10011659
Berman, D.S., Reisz, R.R., and Fracasso, M.A. 1981. Skull of the Lower Permian dissorophid amphibian Platyhystrix rugosus. Annals of Carnegie Museum 50:17, 391–416. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.214500
Bolt, J.R. 1969. Lissamphibian origins: Possible protolissamphibian from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Science 166:3907, 888–891. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3907.888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3907.888
Bolt, J.R. 1974. Armor of dissorophids (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia): An examination of Its taxonomic use and report of a new occurrence. Journal of Paleontology 48:1, 135–142.
Boulenger, G. 1902. Amphibia. In Encyclopaedia Britannica (10th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 381–384). Adam and Charles Black.
Broili, F. 1904. Permische stegocephalen und reptilien aus Texas. Palaeontographica 51, 1–120.
Buchwitz, M., Foth, C., Kogan, I. and Voigt, S. 2012. On the use of osteoderm features in a phylogenetic approach on the internal relationships of the Chroniosuchia (Tetrapoda: Reptiliomorpha). Palaeontology 55:3, 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01137.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01137.x
Bulman, O.M.B. and Whittard, W.F. 1926. On Branchiosaurus and allied genera (Amphibia). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 96:2, 533–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1926.tb08112.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1926.tb08112.x
Carroll, R.L. 1964. Early evolution of the dissorophid amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 131:7, 161–250.
Case, E.C 1910. New or little known reptiles and amphibians from the Permian (?) of Texas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 28, 163–181. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1394
Case, E.C. 1911. Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of North America. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 146, 1–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.56586
Case, E.C. and Williston, S.W. 1913. A description of Aspidosaurus novomexicanus Williston. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 181, 7–9.
Cope, E.D. 1878. Descriptions of extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17, 505–530. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.104569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.104569
Cope, E.D. 1882. Third contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Permian formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20, 447–461.
Cope, E.D. 1895. A batrachian armadillo. The American Naturalist 29, 998. https://doi.org/10.1086/276277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/276277
Daly, E. 1994. The Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), with a description of a new genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications 85, 1–59.
DeMar, R. 1968. The Permian labyrinthodont amphibian Dissorophus multicinctus, and adaptations and phylogeny of the Family Dissorophidae. Journal of Paleontology 42:5, 1210–1242.
DeMar, R.E. 1966a. Longiscitula houghae, a new genus of dissorophid amphibian from the Permian of Texas. Fieldiana: Geology 16:2, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5215
DeMar, R.E. 1966b. The phylogenetic and functional implications of the armor of the Dissorophidae. Fieldiana: Geology 16:3, 55–88. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5351 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5351
DeMar, R.E. 1967. Two new species of Broiliellus from the Permian of Texas. Fieldiana: Geology 16:5, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5190
Dilkes, D. and Brown, L.E. 2007. Biomechanics of the vertebrae and associated osteoderms of the Early Permian amphibian Cacops aspidephorus. Journal of Zoology 271:4, 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00221.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00221.x
Dilkes, D.W. 1990. A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:2, 222–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011809 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011809
Dilkes, D.W. 2009. Comparison and biomechanical interpretations of the vertebrae and osteoderms of Cacops aspidephorus and Dissorophus multicinctus (Temnospondyli, Dissorophidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:4, 1013–1021. https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0410
Dilkes, D.W. 2020. Revision of the early Permian dissorophid ‘Dissorophus’ angustus (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40:4, e1801704. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1801704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1801704
Fracasso, M.A. 1980. Age of the Permo-Carboniferous Cutler Formation vertebrate fauna from El Cobre Canyon, New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 54:6, 1237–1244.
Fröbisch, N.B. and Reisz, R.R. 2012. A new species of dissorophid (Cacops woehri) from the Lower Permian Dolese Quarry, near Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:1, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.633586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.633586
Fröbisch, N.B., Brar, A. and Reisz, R.R. 2015. New specimen of Cacops woehri indicates differences in the ontogenetic trajectories among cacopine dissorophids. Fossil Record 18:1, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-73-2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-73-2015
Gee, B.M. 2018. Reappraisal of the early Permian dissorophid Alegeinosaurus from Texas, USA. PalZ 92:4, 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0421-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0421-9
Gee, B.M. 2021. Returning to the roots: Resolution, reproducibility, and robusticity in the phylogenetic inference of Dissorophidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). PeerJ 9, e12423. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12423
Gee, B.M. 2025. Phylogenetic dataset for: Revision of ‘Aspidosaurus’ novomexicanus, a Permo-Carboniferous dissorophid from New Mexico [Dataset]. MorphoBank. http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5973
Gee, B.M. and Reisz, R.R. 2018a. Cranial and postcranial anatomy of Cacops morrisi, a eucacopine dissorophid from the early Permian of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38:2, e1433186. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1433186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1433186
Gee, B.M. and Reisz, R.R. 2018b. Postcrania of large dissorophid temnospondyls from Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Fossil Record 21:1, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-79-2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-79-2018
Gee, B.M., Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C., Pardo, J.D. and Huttenlocker, A.K. 2020. New information on the dissorophid Conjunctio (Temnospondyli) based on a specimen from the Cutler Formation of Colorado, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40:6, e1877152. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1877152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1877152
Gee, B.M., Bevitt, J.J. and Reisz, R.R. 2019. Dissorophid diversity at the early Permian cave system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 22:2, 46A:1-32. https://doi.org/10.26879/976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26879/976
Gee, B.M., Mann, A. and Sues, H.-D. 2025a. Phylogenetic datasets for: A reassessment of Aspidosaurus chiton Broili, 1904 (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) based on a new skeleton from the early Permian of Texas [Dataset]. MorphoBank. https://doi.org/10.7934/P5866
Gee, B.M., Mann, A. and Sues, H.-D. 2025b. A reassessment of Aspidosaurus chiton Broili, 1904 (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) based on a new skeleton from the early Permian of Texas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204:3, zlaf046. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf046
Gee, B.M., Scott, D. and Reisz, R.R. 2018. Reappraisal of the Permian dissorophid Fayella chickashaensis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55:10, 1103–1114. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0053
Goloboff, P.A. and Morales, M.E. 2023. TNT version 1.6, with a graphical interface for MacOS and Linux, including new routines in parallel. Cladistics 39:2, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12524
Gubin, Y.M. 1980. [New Permian dissorophoids of the Ural forelands]. Paleontologicheskiĭ Zhurnal 1980:3, 82–90. [Russian] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/machr1.090.0065
Holmes, R., Berman, D.S. and Anderson, J.S. 2013. A new dissorophid (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the Early Permian of New Mexico (United States). Comptes Rendus Palevol 12:7–8, 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.002
Langston, W. Jr. 1953. Permian amphibians from New Mexico. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 29, 346–416.
Lewis, G.E. and Vaughn, P.P. 1965. Early Permian vertebrates from the Cutler Formation of the Placerville Area Colorado. US. Geological Survey Professional Paper 503C, 1–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/pp503C
Li, J.-L. and Cheng, Z.-W. 1999. New anthracosaur and temnospondyl amphibians from Gansu, China-the fifth report on Late Permian Dashankou lower tetrapod fauna. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 37, 242–248.
Liu, J. 2018. Osteology of the large dissorophid temnospondyl Anakamacops petrolicus from the Guadalupian Dashankou Fauna of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38:5, e1513407. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1513407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1513407
Lucas, S.G., Harris, S.K., Spielmann, J.A., Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C., Heckert, A.B., Zeigler, K.E. and Rinehart, L.F. 2005. Early Permian vertebrate assemblage and its biostratigraphic significance, Arroyo del Agua, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 56th Field Conference, 288–296. https://doi.org/10.56577/FFC-56.288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56577/FFC-56.288
Lucas, S.G., Harris, S.K., Spielmann, J.A., Rinehart, L.F., Berman, D.S., Henrici, A.C. and Krainer, K. 2010. Vertebrate paleontology, biostratigraphy, and biochronology of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Cutler Group, Cañon del Cobre, northern New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 49, 115–124.
Maddin, H.C., Fröbisch, N.B., Evans, D.C. and Milner, A.R. 2013. Reappraisal of the Early Permian amphibamid Tersomius texensis and some referred material. Comptes Rendus Palevol 12:7–8, 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.06.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.06.007
Maddison, W.P. and Maddison, D.R. 2025. Mesquite: Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis (Version 4.0). https://www.mesquiteproject.org
May, W., Huttenlocker, A.K., Pardo, J.D., Benca, J. and Small, B.J. 2011. New Upper Pennsylvanian armored dissorophid records (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the U.S. midcontinent and the stratigraphic distributions of dissorophids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:4, 907–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.582532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.582532
Milner, A.R. 2003. Longiscitula houghae DeMar, 1966 (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), a junior synonym of Dissorophus multicinctus Cope, 1895. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:4, 941–944. https://doi.org/10.1671/18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1671/18
Moustafa, Y.S. 1952. The type of Parioxys ferricolus, Cope. Bulletin de l’institut d’Egypte 33, 295–300.
Moustafa, Y.S. 1955. The skeletal structure of Parioxys ferricolus, Cope. Bulletin de l’institut d’Egypte 36, 41–76.
Olson, E.C. 1941. The family Trematopsidae. The Journal of Geology 49:2, 149–176. https://doi.org/10.1086/624952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/624952
Olson, E.C. 1965. Chickasha vertebrates. Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 70, 1–70.
Olson, E.C. 1972. Fayella chickashaensis, the Dissorophoidea and the Permian terrestrial radiations. Journal of Paleontology, 46:1, 104–114.
Parker, W.G. 2012. Redescription and taxonomic status of specimens of Episcoposaurus and Typothorax, the earliest known aetosaurs (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of western North America, and the problem of proxy “holotypes.” Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:3–4, 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691013000212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691013000212
Reisz, R.R., Schoch, R.R. and Anderson, J.S. 2009. The armoured dissorophid Cacops from the Early Permian of Oklahoma and the exploitation of the terrestrial realm by amphibians. Naturwissenschaften 96:7, 789–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-009-0533-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-009-0533-x
Romer, A.S. 1947. Review of the Labyrinthodontia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 99:1, 1–368.
Romer, A.S. 1969. A temnospondylous labyrinthodont from the Lower Carboniferous. Kirtlandia 6, 1–20.
Schoch, R.R. 2012. Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls. Fossil Record 15:2, 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201200010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201200010
Schoch, R.R. 2019 (online 2018). The putative lissamphibian stem-group: Phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology 93:1, 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.67 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.67
Schoch, R.R. 2021. The life cycle in late Paleozoic eryopid temnospondyls: developmental variation, plasticity and phylogeny. Fossil Record 24:2, 295–319. https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-295-2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-295-2021
Schoch, R.R. 2022. Phylogeny of the amphibamiform temnospondyls: the relationship of taxa known by adults, larvae and neotenes. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 20:1, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2113831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2113831
Schoch, R.R. and Milner, A.R. 2014. Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 3A2: Temnospondyli I. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. 150 pp.
Schoch, R.R. and Sues, H.-D. 2013. A new dissorophid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of north-central Texas. Comptes Rendus Palevol 12:7–8, 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.04.002
Schoch, R.R. and Sues, H.-D. 2022. The dissorophoid temnospondyl Parioxys ferricolus from the early Permian (Cisuralian) of Texas. Journal of Paleontology 96:4, 950–960. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.10
Schoch, R.R. and Werneburg, R. 2023. Adult branchiosaurid temnospondyls: the life cycle of Xerodromeus gracilis. Papers in Palaeontology 9(4), e1513. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1513
Sequeira, S.E.K. 2004 (for 2003). The skull of Cochleosaurus bohemicus Frič, a temnospondyl from the Czech Republic (Upper Carboniferous) and cochleosaurid interrelationships. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 94:1, 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000511
Steen, M.C. 1934. The Amphibian Fauna from the South Joggins. Nova Scotia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 104:3, 465–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1934.tb01644.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1934.tb01644.x
Vaughn, P.P. 1963. The age and locality of the late Paleozoic vertebrates from El Cobre Canyon, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 37:1, 283–286.
Vaughn, P.P. 1969. Further evidence of close relationship of the trematopsid and dissorophid labyrinthodont amphibians with a description of a new genus and new species. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 68:3, 121–130.
Werneburg, R. 2020. On the morphology of large branchiosaurids (Amphibamiformes) from the Rotliegend (Lower Permian) of the Saar-Nahe basin, Germany. Semana 35, 39–54.
Werneburg, R., Berman, D.S. and Lucas, S.G. 2010. Dissorophoid record from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Cañon del Cobre, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 49, 125–128.
Werneburg, R., Logghe, A. and Steyer, J.-S. 2025. Buxierophus pouilloni n. gen. n. sp., a new dissorophid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of France (Allier). Journal of Paleontology 99:2, 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2025.10112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2025.10112
Williston, S.W. 1910a. Cacops, Desmospondylus; new genera of Permian vertebrates. Geological Society of America Bulletin 21:1, 249–284. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-21-249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-21-249
Williston, S.W. 1910b. Dissorophus Cope. The Journal of Geology 18:6, 526–536. https://doi.org/10.1086/621768 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/621768
Williston, S.W. 1914. Broiliellus, a new genus of amphibians from the Permian of Texas. The Journal of Geology 22:1, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/622132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/622132
Williston, S.W. 1911. American Permian Vertebrates. The University of Chicago Press. 144 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54741
Witzmann, F. 2005a. A dissorophid temnospondyl in the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer of Germany. Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie Und Paläontologie – Monatshefte 2005:5, 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/289
Witzmann, F. 2005b. Cranial morphology and ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni Goldfuss, 1847 from the Saar–Nahe Basin, Germany. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 96:2, 131–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001279 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001279
Witzmann, F. and Scholz, H. 2007. Morphometric study of allometric skull growth in the temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni from the Permian/Carboniferous of Germany. Geobios 40:4, 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2006.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2006.07.001
Zittel, K.A. von. 1888. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1. Abtheilung: Palaeozoologie. 3. Band: Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves). Oldenbourg. 900 pp. [‘Temnospondyli’ was named on p. 384; p. 257–436 were issued in 1888.]